Informative Essay on Benham, Conway and Co. Chartered Accountants Essay Example

Enlightening Essay on Benham, Conway and Co. Contracted Accountants Essay Benham, Conway and Co. Contracted Accountants was first settled in the year 1987. It is situated in Charing Cross in Glasgow. It essentially gives general practice administrations to little and developing organizations, the greater part of which are proprietor overseen organizations. BCC utilizes eleven staff. Three of these are accomplices in the organization and are qualified bookkeepers. The other eight workers are both qualified and inadequate. They have one individual to take a shot at the finance and the others can do a wide range of employments from secretarial obligations for instance composing, getting calls to copying just as doing all the monotonous work for instance, contributing information to the PCs. The firm offers types of assistance in numerous territories, for example, key arranging, the board and budgetary records planning and money related anticipating. It additionally gives charge arranging and consistence and hierarchical survey and notwithstanding this it will give accounting and finance administrations to customers who require it. One zone in which BCC practice is key arranging and it tends to be dubious. Clearly it is simple for the organization to utilize equivalent to before strategy, and perhaps it works, yet when an organization utilizes the assistance of a bookkeepers firm it is simpler to make an appropriate arrangement. As a rule the proprietor of the business won't have the opportunity to consider and arrange for what heading he might want to move his business in so all things being equal he can have a meeting with a bookkeeper, express his desires over lunch or an espresso and the bookkeeper can draw up a definite vital arrangement for the proprietor and afterward present it to the proprietor of the business. We will compose a custom exposition test on Informative Essay on Benham, Conway and Co. Sanctioned Accountants explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Informative Essay on Benham, Conway and Co. Contracted Accountants explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Informative Essay on Benham, Conway and Co. Contracted Accountants explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This spares the business time and they will wind up with a superior arrangement as it has been finished by an expert. BCC can likewise give a business a monetary gauge. To do this the bookkeeper can take a gander at patterns in the general market or just in the division the business manages to make a gauge of what will occur in a specific market. This will assist the business with planning (or the bookkeeper to get ready for them) what to put resources into to cause their business to work at the best conceivable benefit. It can likewise allow them to check whether they have to alter the course where the business is making a beeline for endure. BCC can likewise assist with improving the authoritative structure of an organization. The hierarchical structure is basic to any business so clearly those that utilization BCC will be the same. These days organizations must be adaptable, productive and viable to adapt to the developing rivalry for the market. To enable a bookkeepers to firm will attempt to make a hierarchical structure most appropriate to the business targets, attempt and work out a suitable staffing level, reward approaches and a staff reviewing framework and screen budgetary administration and execution to attempt and afterward will attempt to think about a superior manner by which to compose or run the organization. Another territory BCC can be utilized to help in is charge arranging and consistence. It can help fill in a companys tax documents with the goal that they are on the whole legitimate. This can be exceptionally valuable to an organization as a portion of the proprietors may not realize how to fill in the muddled tax documents required for a business. Getting a certified proficient to do this will ensure that the organization consent to all the principles and guidelines encompassing tax documents along these lines keeping them in the clear. In short Benham, Conway and Co. Sanctioned bookkeepers can profit little or developing organizations from numerous points of view. It can guide them the correct way toward succeed, it can make them run all the more effectively at a higher benefit or they can even fill in their assessment forms for them. BCC has profited numerous organizations previously and ought to proceed to do as such for a long time to come.

Essay Topics That Are Common on the NC Bar Exam

Essay Topics That Are Common on the NC Bar ExamThere are a number of NC Bar exam essay topics that are common on the exam. Most writers who are writing an essay for the exam will study on these topics in advance. This is because they will know the kinds of questions that they will be asked on their tests and they will be sure to cover all of them.Since it is quite possible that the questions on the NC Bar Exam will revolve around the defendant's attorney and the judge, this will make the types of questions that you will have to answer quite different from the types of questions that you would have to answer in a regular essay. They may also touch on any issues such as a tort claim, a contract, a verdict or a legal issue. There is no doubt that the type of essay that you write will be different. The key is to choose the right essay topic.It will help if you write something that you are familiar with and yet it will not necessarily be a topic that is common to the types of cases that y ou are writing about. There are hundreds of different types of cases that will appear on the NC Bar Exam and each of these will bring a different type of essay topic. You should be able to write about any of these but you must keep in mind that the essay that you are writing is going to be used in front of a judge and this means that you must use the topic in a manner that will not be too biased.Your topic may cover an issue in the life of a lawyer. If this is a common question then you will want to look at the material that has been presented in a number of court cases. There is not doubt that there are a number of these cases that have been covered in detail in case books that are available for studying.Essay topics may also take a step away from the courtroom. They can cover a variety of issues such as ethics, judging issues, legal questions, and tort law. Although it is true that judges may be inquisitive about the topics that you are addressing, you will find that the judges wh o are passing the exams do not like to see long essays. You should therefore keep your essay to around three hundred words.Make sure that you read up on the topic so that you will know what topics will be on the exam. There are a number of different resources available that will give you some background information. The better you know about the topic, the better chance that you will know how to write an excellent essay.NC Bar Exam essay topics should be brief but forceful. You do not want to have any topics that are merely filler but rather you should try to use your essay to address a particular issue that is pertinent to the topics you are addressing. Make sure that you cover the most important issues and you will find that it will be easy to compose an outstanding essay.If you take the time to prepare for your essays then you will find that they will be much more successful. You will be able to include all of the pertinent details that you need to have in order to successfully p ass the NC Bar exam. You will find that you will have a chance to cover a lot of ground with only a short amount of space and you will be able to write a clear, concise and persuasive essay.

A Down-to-Earth Approach Essay Example for Free

A Down-to-Earth Approach Essay The postindustrial upheaval is characterized by PC innovation. Since 1950, a third innovative change has been released by the improvement of the PC. The vital innovation of a postindustrial age concerns data. PC innovation frames the center of an Information Revolution. Also, similarly as the Industrial Revolution did, the Information Revolution is currently creating a large group of new, specific occupations. From a worker’s perspective, similarly that the obtaining of specialized abilities held the way to accomplishment before, presently laborers must upgrade their proficiency expertise as that is esteemed in the commercial center. The financial the truth is that individuals unfit to talk, compose, or in any case impart adequately face declining monetary chance. PC innovation has diminished the job of human work underway. In any case, to those that can adapt to the situation of the Information Age, be that as it may, the coming decades will bring new chances. The data Revolution is changing what individuals do as well as where they do it. The last monetary upset unified the work power in production lines, an example requested by vitality sources and the hugeness of the new apparatus. Today, in any case, specialists, sales reps, engineers, authors, and different representatives in â€Å"new bungalow industries† can work essentially anyplace insofar as they are outfitted with PCs, copy (fax) machines, electronic scratch pad, and other new data gadgets that are progressively lightweight and versatile. Today’s progressively instructed and talented specialists likewise do not require anymore and frequently don't endure †the nearby oversight that stamped yesterday’s processing plants. Further, the Postindustrial economy, a beneficial framework dependent on administration work and high innovation is ordinarily a progressing procedure. REFERENCE Henslin, James M. (2006). Humanism: A Down-to-Earth Approach, Core Concepts (second ED). New York: Allyn Bacon.

Restaurants Culinary Skills Ethnic Food Preparation - 1100 Words

Restaurants Culinary Skills Ethnic Food Preparation (Essay Sample) Content: Students NameProfessorCourseDateAuthentic RestaurantsThe concept of authentic food in the context of cross-cultural practices in the contemporary world has spurred debates across various divides. While it has become increasingly vital to uphold and consciously maintain one's cultural practices, the mutability and exogenous nature of ethnicity have made it difficult to have authentic restaurants. Furthermore, it is the social construction that defines the extent of the authenticity of restaurants. For instance, the social and cultural values of an Islamic nation may influence the operation of a Chinese food restaurant that provides ethnic cuisines that may not be appropriate for this target market. While many factors come into play in deciding to open an ethnic restaurant, people should not open real authentic restaurants in the U.S unless there is sufficient market to serve.Firstly, the culinary skills for ethnic food preparation may be expensive to obtain. It is wort hy of note that the Chinese cuisine requires special preparation skills that ensure the right meal is cooked. While many Asian-Americans stayed in the U.S. for quite an extended period, they tend to adopt the U.S. ethnical practice, thereby lacking the necessary knowledge regarding the Chinese strategy for preparing their food. As a result, the need to incorporate the Americanized approach with the other one begs more critical attention if the business is to survive. According to Lu and Fine (540), it is the cultural, economic and social factors that prevent the presentation of real authentic Chinese food. Therefore, the economic and social construction of the U.S. inhibits the growth of skills that may be useful for authentic restaurants.Secondly, the market niche could contract particularly when the authentic restaurant is situated in states of the small Chinese population. Admittedly, there are many Chinese restaurants, but their menus have changed overtime to accommodate the dem and of the market they serve. The reason is that many Chinese restaurants owners have their culinary preparations locally constructed; thereby hindering the existence of real authentic restaurants (Lu and Fine 540). In Philadelphia, all restaurants do not have a real authentic food since they serve both the Americans and the Chinese population within it. On the contrary, states such as the New York City have a large population of the Chinese race. Hence, there exist some real authentic restaurants. Therefore, the nature of the food that one has to sell depends on the social construction regarding ethnicity, perception and socio-economic aspects of people within a particular area.In addition to this, from an obvious point of view, many real authentic restaurants operate in regions where people who share similar ancestral culture are found. It is for this reason that the United States hosts more than a hundred real authentic restaurants. For instance, in Toronto, there are a couple of Asian cuisine such as the Real Thailand Cuisine, Japanese and Chinese cuisines. Moreover, others like the Mexican, Jamaican and Italian foods are also present in Toronto. Real authentic restaurants in these places target their respective ethnical group in their segmentation strategies. Nevertheless, a huge percentage of these ethnic-based restaurants have adopted the American strategy, also known as Americanization of culinary strategy.Furthermore, the success of authentic restaurants calls for authentic restaurants commitment to changing consumer perception which may be expensive to achieve. The importance of consumer perception in facilitating consumers brand choice intention is empirically proven by Lu, Allan, Dogan, and Carol (36). Since consumers are rational spenders, there decision to dine in an authentic restaurant depends on whether it meets their cultural satisfaction. Of importance also, the nature of competition in the free capitalist market of the United States may ren der real authentic restaurants efforts to change consumer perception very difficult. In fact, the level of competition will require such restaurants to minimize their costs of operations so as to make the profit; otherwise, they will have to close down (Lu and Fine 541). Therefore, the deterring factors towards changing consumer perceptions makes it not recommendable to open real authentic restaurants.The real authentic restaurants will require the owners to modify their cultural resource. It should be noted that a restaurant operating in the China mainland incurs lower costs of raw materials and labor since such resources are available and abundant. For those that operate in the United States, it may force them to import such cultural ingredients for the preparation of authentic food. This process may be expensive since importing, and the high cost of due to their shortage in the market will deter a real authentic restaurant to success. Therefore, even as a business starts as a rea l restaurant, it will eventually have to modify its cultural resource and produce that which will satisfy both the Americans, other ethnical groups and the Chinese market also. Therefore, a real authentic food business will be successful if the population, for instance in the Chines...

Digital Media And Its Effects On Today s Age Essay

The best way to communicate in today s age is through digital media. When reaching out to the masses digital media is both fast and convenient as it allows us to reach out to millions of people in a matter of seconds. Large multi-million dollar corporations use digital media to reach out to an individual on the subways of New York City or someone who is on a fishing trip in the deep woods of North Carolina. In recent years, the United States Military has undertaken corporate digital media strategies in order to both project an image and recruit potential applicants. Just a few years ago local recruiters would sit at their offices, smiling and dialing, and looking for perspectives recruits by dialing direct to home telephones. As home telephones are giving way to new means of communications such as smart phones, tablets and wearable communication technologies, days of the old telephone system to cold call potential applicants in their homes is slowly but surely disappearing. Digital a nd social media is the present and the future for most if not all organizations to achieve their marketing and or strategic communications goals. The United States Military s target audience are seventeen to twenty-nine year old applicants who are increasingly spending the majority of their waking hours utilizing digital media. This paper will attempt to demonstrate whether or not the United States Military is achieving its recruitment goals through an increase in digital and social mediaShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children866 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is another media outlet that is abundant with violent content. Studies show that 90% of American teenagers use the Internet which is vastly unregulated (Lenhart). Thus, children have easy access to pornography, websites with cruel and racist content, and real-life scenes of violence. 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Instability of Totalitarianism in George Orwell’s 1984

Instability of Totalitarianism in George Orwell’s 1984 A government enforces procedures in which a society must follow. Governments contrast by deciding to either be stringent, lenient or even moderate. The protagonist, Winston realizes that the government which he resides in maintains absolute control. Revolution results in extreme punishment that eventually leads to death. With the rest of the society brainwashed Winston tries to successfully find a way to revolt. Throughout the novel, 1984, George Orwell uses the paperweight, the telescreens and big brother to establish the theme of the dangers of totalitarianism. The hypothetical yet unquestionable leader, Big Brother, terrorizes the citizens into a defectless behavior†¦show more content†¦Big Brother instigates the concept of a handicap to the society. The symbol of Big Brother frightens civilization into a Dangerous Dictatorship. The simple antique paperweight demonstrates the terror that involves in an autocra tic government. The paperweight has â€Å"a peculiar softness, as of rainwater, in both the colour and the texture of the glass.† Winston views his incomplex stone as an emblematic form of the world without the confinement of the current totalitarian government. The paperweight’s appearance of rain water predicts freedom as inconceivable. A raindrop is in perfect form in the atmosphere but when it collides with the earth its form demolishes just like the freedom in society. When carrying the paperweight home â€Å"It was very heavy in his pocket, but fortunately it did not make much of a bulge†. The weight in his pocket from the stone represents the faint likelihood of the brutal government ever changing. This causes Winston unable to maintain a normal walk which represents the difficulties of revolting the vigorous government. Orwell uses the paperweight to acknowledge the difficulties of freedom that used to be absent. When Winston is finally caught by the th ought police the paperweight drops and â€Å"the fragment of coral, a tiny crinkle of pink like sugar rosebud from a cake, rolled across the mat. How small, thought Winston, how small it always was!† (223). The

Choice Of Making Strategic Decisions Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Choice Of Making Strategic Decisions. Answer: Globalization has changed the perspectives of most of the organization and many companies in the market are using innovative strategies to handle the uncertainties in the market. However, there are two perspectives that have been taken into consideration by the companies in the market: one is the strategic choice and the other is the deterministic approach. The deterministic theory believes that the market has its own sets of control (Pisano 2017). Thus, many organizations are trying to make use of the strategy and respond to the changes in the market. These companies continuously observe the changes in the market situation so that they quickly adapt to the changes. The identification of the patterns in the market is important in this perspective because it will facilitate the organizations in capitalizing on the market situations. The industry, social environment and the market place will determine the structuring of the organization. However, this concept has not been widely accept ed and majority of the companies are following the strategic choice approach (Tokman, Richey and Deitz 2016). Strategic choice is an approach which states that the organization have the same amount of control of the market environment and the customers. The organizations can predict the future trends to identify the strategies that have to be applied. This predictive helps the organization to be prepared for the uncertainties so that the changes in the market environment will not affect the organization. Moreover, the organization can control the market by changing the strategies in pricing, networking and advertising. This shows that the organizations are more focused on the preventative measures than the counter measures (Strong et al. 2014). This essay will critically analyze both the perspectives to identify which will be appropriate for the future trends in the market. The central factor to making strategic decision is the process of strategic choice, which is effective. The management has a degree of discretion, which means that they have the choice of making strategic decisions. They are not only accountable for the factors such as availability of the technology and environmental factors in the market. It is the responsibility of the manager to make decisions for the organization so that they can gain competitive advantage in the market. However, there are certain degree of limitations and bindings to the choice they have to make, as they are accountable to the higher officials and the stakeholders (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). Therefore, the mangers make use of the strategic planning tool to evaluate the various choices they have so that they make the best possible choice for the organization. This will facilitate to prepare for the contingencies and make improvement in the business model. The contingency plan and the strategic plan are link ed together and both of them is required for effective management of the organization. Therefore, in order to develop the corporate strategy, strategic planning is required for maintaining sustainability of the organization (Whittington 2014). There are lot of strategic issues in the organization, which the management will have to explore so that could evaluate and find the solution to various issues. The shape of the issues and the relationship among them will identify the potential effects of the issues. Thus, after analyzing the issues it will be easier for themanagement to develop strategies. In this context, strategic choice is an important aspect, which will help to identify the various options and strategise that, will have to be implemented (AM Vermeulen et al. 2016). The management will analyze the impact of the issues so identify the potential threats and their severity so that they can boost the performance of the organization. The management will have o make the choices after setting up the array of the issues. Initially it is necessary to validate the purpose of the organization, which will include the clear definition of the stakeholders and the benefits they will gain. There are certain guidelines, which has to be made so that the management can follow these structures to fulfil the objective of the organization. The higher-level official and the governing body of the organization will have to be in agreement with the choices they are making. Corporate social responsibility is one of the strategic choices of the organization. The establishment of the triple bottom-line also a choice and does not deal with the performance of the organization (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). These strategic choices will follow the principle of no harm, which include the responsibility of being a good corporate citizen. Strategic choice will depend on the various macro and micro environment analysis of the organization. The internal analysis of organization is also important and there are other forms of analysis, which will analyze the value chain and processes in the operations of the organization. This will help to identify the various issue and the contingencies, which the organization will have to face (Cep tureanu, Ceptureanu and Marin 2017). This will also include the current trend in the market and identification of the market opportunities. This will help to identify the various strategies that will have to be implemented and the choices the organization will have to make. The strategic choice method will predict the future trends and possible threats in the market so that the organization and implement strategy and be prepared for any of contingency. The management will have to make a choice among the possibilities with highest chances of effect and damage. This will help to minimize the effect of the market on the organization and maintain sustainability (Charki, Josserand and Boukef 2017). This approach believes that the organizations have the ability to control the corresponding environment by implementing various strategies. This could be of various types, such as financial, promotional and operational. The organization could change the strategies to make sure that they can control consumers and the market. This is followed by majority of the organizations who try to make sure that they can make changes to the organization depending upon the future market trends (Tatham 2017). However, there are various strategic options, which will help in the identification of the strategies that has to be chosen. The four factors, which will help in making the choice, are authenticity, communicability, believability and deliverability (Ghosh, Ranganathan and Rosenkopf 2016). The choices that are made by the organization must be authentic. In order to check the authenticity of a strategy the viable alternatives to the organization will have to be found out. The strategic choice wil l help to identify the things the organization is suppose to do and the things they are not suppose top do. The limitations are equally important as it help to improve the business model of the organization. The authentic choices will include the factors, which will help the organization to compete so that the firm can gain competitive advantage in the market. The choice is believable if the strategy consists of various facts and real time data that help to understand the feasibility. The choices will have to be trustworthy, relevant and representative which will provide evidence that the strategic choice is logical. This will validate the strategy that it can be implemented in the particular organization setting (Pisano 2017). There are lot of opportunities, which are illogical and not feasible for the organization so the believability is an important factor. Communicability is another factor in making strategic choice, a strategy can be believable and authentic but if not communic ated in an effective manner then the implementation is not possible. The management team implements all the strategies so it is essential o communicate all the details so that they can understand and agree to the objective. The last factor that is important for making the strategic choice is deliverability, even though the strategies have been evaluated, validated and narrowed down, it important for the organization to make sure that they will be able to execute the plan that has been suggested (Kelly 2013). Thus, the execution of the strategies is most important factor because there are lot of strategies, which are not feasible for the organization. The cost of the implementation of the strategy is a big factor; it may happen that the cost of the strategy is more than the lifetime revenue that can be generated. In this scenario, the strategy is not feasible for the organization and other alternatives have to be evaluated. The deterministic approach states that the any organization will have to change according to the changes in the market conditions. This is due to the fact the companies in the market will have to change along with the upcoming changes if they want to maintain their sustainability in the market (Soni, Jain and Kumar 2014). The deterministic theory is not flexible or open to change, they are rather forced to change. This means that the organization will have no control over the market uncertainties and instead of taking preventative measures they will be forced to adapt to the changes in the market. the resource dependency theory deals with the dependence of the organization on the external resources. This can be the raw materials the organization uses for making their products (Malatesta and Smith 2014). The market needs are changing and it is an important concept in the deterministic theory as alteration in the raw materials is needed and the organization who can make the transformat ion quickly will be the one to gain competitive advantage in the market. There are organization who are dependent on their resources so it is essential for them to control the raw materials. The dependency on a single source could be a weakness so organizations try to manage their resources to maintain their long-term sustainability. Thus, the strategy will have to be based on these theories so that it has a positive impact on the organization. Chance will play an important role as it will affect the strategy of the organization. The random events in the market could act in favour of the organization at the same time it could have adverse effect on the organization. It may happen that various trivial choices may lead to consequences that were never expected by the organization and similarly, it may happen that some tight actions which were coupled together in a nice way will produce magnificent results which were never expected. Thus, chance plays an important role in the determinis tic theory (Voss and Brettel, 2014). The institutional theory states that the environment of the organization will have a lot of impact on the structure. This means that the impact of the organizational environment can have more impact than the adversity in the market. This means that innovation in the structure is an important factor for the success of the company. However, the formal structure will reduce the effectives of the organization and so it is essential to adapt to the changes so that there is an improvement in the business model (Fuenfschilling and Truffer 2014). The firm are forced to adopt similar structure due to the legal mandate in the industry or they would like to copy the structure of the organization who are successful and are the market leaders. However, it may also happen due to the professional groups that has been hired for the implementation of the strategy. The ecology of any organization is divided in to three levels; population, community and organization. The theory assumes that change in t he organization is based on the population deaths and births. However, the organizations can change on their own and go through drastic transformation but there is sustainability (Rockwood 2015). The organization adapt to the changes in the environment and grow to become a better organization. However, there are factors like institutionalization which prevents the organization to make changes. Thus, after the evaluation of all the theories it can be said that deterministic theory is applicable and suited to a particular type of the organization. However, in case of the strategic choice approach it is widely sued and has less amount of risk. This type of structure is more flexible and realistic as it will help in mitigating the risks and the contingencies in the organization. However, the deterministic is a futuristic approach which will be widely used in the upcoming years as it is becoming quite difficult to predict and identify the changes in the environment. References AM Vermeulen, P., Zietsma, C., Greenwood, R. and Langley, A., 2016. Strategic responses to institutional complexity.Strategic Organization,14(4), pp.277-286. Ceptureanu, S.I., Ceptureanu, E.G. and Marin, I., 2017. Assessing the Role of Strategic Choice on Organizational Performance by JacqueminBerry Entropy Index.Entropy,19(9), p.448. Charki, M.H., Josserand, E. and Boukef, N., 2017. The paradoxical effects of legal intervention over unethical information technology use: A rational choice theory perspective.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,26(1), pp.58-76. Fuenfschilling, L. and Truffer, B., 2014. The structuration of socio-technical regimesConceptual foundations from institutional theory.Research Policy,43(4), pp.772-791. Ghosh, A., Ranganathan, R. and Rosenkopf, L., 2016. The impact of context and model choice on the determinants of strategic alliance formation: Evidence from a staged replication study.Strategic Management Journal,37(11), pp.2204-2221. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kelly, J.S., 2013.Social choice theory: An introduction. Springer Science Business Media. Malatesta, D. and Smith, C.R., 2014. Lessons from resource dependence theory for contemporary public and nonprofit management.Public Administration Review,74(1), pp.14-25. Pisano, G.P., 2017. Toward a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities: connecting strategic choice, learning, and competition.Industrial and Corporate Change,26(5), pp.747-762. Rockwood, L.L., 2015.Introduction to population ecology. John Wiley Sons. Soni, U., Jain, V. and Kumar, S., 2014. Measuring supply chain resilience using a deterministic modeling approach.Computers Industrial Engineering,74, pp.11-25. Strong, D.M., Johnson, S.A., Tulu, B., Trudel, J., Volkoff, O., Pelletier, L.R., Bar-On, I. and Garber, L., 2014. A theory of organization-EHR affordance actualization.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,15(2), p.53. Tatham, M., 2017. Disentangling actors from their environment? Pitfalls and added-value of the strategic-choice approach.International Journal of Public Administration, pp.1-14. Tokman, M., Richey, R.G. and Deitz, G.D., 2016. A Strategic Choice Theory Taxonomy of Retailers Strategic Orientations.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,24(2), pp.186-208. Voss, U. and Brettel, M., 2014. The effectiveness of management control in small firms: Perspectives from resource dependence theory.Journal of Small Business Management,52(3), pp.569-587. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Whittington, R., 2014.Corporate Strategies in Recession and Recovery (Routledge Revivals): Social Structure and Strategic Choice. Routledge.